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Hipopos
Nevertheless, the small thin deep water types and the large heavy specimen may belong to the same species as similar
differences occur also in the allied Erosaria labrolineata Gaskoin 1849. Moreover, the Japanese maturata Kira, 1959 (Colour.
Illustr. Shells Japan, 2. ea., p. 47, pl. 19, fig. 11) which had been called cernica Sowerby by Hirase 1934 (Collect. Japan.
Shells, pl. 64, fig. 7), also may belong to the same race; I possess two specimens: 22(65)20:18 from "Southern Japan"
(unknown dealer) and 26(62)20:16 from Chiba Prefecture (P. W. Clover), and I have examined two more shells in coll. Ray
Summers: 21(64)21:16 and 25(60)22:16, both coming from Japan or Okinawa Is. These Japanese shells hardly can be distinguished
from the Philippines representatives called marielae Cate, 1960 (Veliger 3, p. 3, pl. 1, fig. 1-2) from Maui and Oahu, which
also spreads to Pearl and Hermes Reef (31(58)22:18 in coll. Ted Dranga) and to Midway Is. (27(59) 20:20 in coll. Burgess) as
well as to Baker Is. (Veliger 3, p. 5, pl. 1, fig. 4). This North Pacific race ogasawarensis Schilder 1944 is closely allied
to the South Pacific tomlini Schilder 1930, which ranges from New Caledonia to Kermadec Is. and N.S. Wales, as percomis
Iredale, 1931, prodiga Iredale 1939, and kermadecensis Powell 1958 hardly are separable as geographical races; the two Indian
races, viridicolor Cate 1962 from North West Australia and the typical cernica Sowerby, 1870 from Lemuria (possibly ranging
to Natal: in a fish's stomach according to Boswell, 1963, The Cowry 1, p. 79) are more distinctly separable.
The discontinuous areas inhabited by these races of cernica stretch around on the borders of the continuous area inhabited by
Erosaria labrolineata Gaskoin 1849, which differs from cernica chiefly by the narrower fossula and the conspicuous terminal
blotches; this fact which has been shown in the appended map, surprisingly recalls the curious encirclement of the Malayan to
North Australian Erronea pyriformis Gray, 1824 by the three races of E. pulchella Swainson, 1823: the Chinese pulchella, the
Melanesian novaebritanniae Schilder & Schilder 1937, and the Arabian pericalles Melvill & Standen 1904.
Johnston Island is a tiny Pacific atoll, 780 nautical miles southwest from Honolulu. It has never been "collected" by anyone
seriously interested in shells since the submarine Whipoorwill (or Tanager) visited it for a few hours in 1921. So when I had
an opportunity to relieve the resident physician for a few days, in January of 1964, I jumped at the chance.
...
At 11:00 A.M. January 11, I accompanied the resident physician to Sand Island (or Eastern Island) where swimming was not
banned, to give some inoculations. Snorkel, mask, and fins were taken along, just in case!! Fortunately, things worked out
fine. During a short swim I missed the boat back to Johnston and was forced to stay all afternoon! The time was put to good
use. Accompanied by three of the United States Coast Guard boys and an ornithologist from the Smithsonian, I spent about four
hours in the warm water. We found no live shells, but we did find semifossil Cypraea tessellata and Cypraea granulata, for
the first time to my knowledge outside the Philippines chain.
Eastern Island, incidentally, is the home of 280,000 sea birds, including sooty terns, frigate birds, and shearwaters. There
is a complicated tower there, braced with thin wires which kill 20 a night. Apparently these open-water species have never
developed any radar. The ornithologist figures this as not so high a mortality as to endanger the species, since half the
birds lay eggs, and the hatch is high. The balloons on the male frigate birds' chins were about the same color as my back was
when I got out of the water -- deep red!
Description of Pusula (Dolichunis) producta:
Ovate and humped, with broadened, somewhat angled sides and produced extremities. White in colour throughout, with transverse
ribs crossing the dorsum completely and extending over the margins and base onto the columella. The transverse ribs are
white, elevated, sharply cut, and the interstices are broad and crenulate; a dorsal groove is absent and the spire is
covered. Base is flattish, labial lip broad, slightly convex and fairly straight; aperture is of medium width, widening
slightly anteriorly. The posterior outlet is deeply cut, fossula is very broad, concave, ribbed, and extending towards the
labial wall.
Size of illustrated specimen: L: 11.8mm, W: 72%, H: 55%, Lab. teeth: 23, Coll. teeth: 19, Dorsal ribs: 28, Marginal ribs: 41
(The width and height are expressed in the percentage of the length; the dorsal and marginal ribs are counted on both sides
of the shell, the 4 - 5 loop-like, vertical ribs at each extremity have been excluded). Iredale's T. excelsa measures as
follows: L: 18mm, W: 72%. H: 56%. The Australian shell is slightly larger than Fiji specimens of Dolichupis producta 10mm -
15mm but otherwise identical. One of Gaskoin's specimens of D. producta measured about 18mm.)
The first specimen of Dolichupis producta was dredged in 1962 by A. Jennings, in 15 - 16 fathoms off the Momi lighthouse
(West Viti Levu), and a total of 6 specimens have been dredged to date from the same locality. Prior to the Fijian record,
there appeared to be only 6 specimens preserved in collections (Dr. Schilder, in litt.): the holotype in the British Museum,
2 specimens in the Saul collection in Cambridge, and one specimen each in Stockholm and coll. Tomlin and Schilder. Locality
indication on these shells was "Indonesia." The fossil Dolichupis soloensis Schilder, 1937 (Ingen. Ned. Indie, (4) 4:200,
fig. 18) from the Pleistocene of Java, might be a chronological race of the recent form.
Erronea walkeri Sowerby is a rather uncommon cowry species so that it is absent in many collections (Schilder 1940, Arch.
Mollusk. 72:168) and the limits of its distribution are inaccurately known. In our Prodrome (1938, Proc.Malac. Soc. 23:151)
and in my catalogue of all living and fossil Cypraeacea (1941, Arch. Mollusk. 73:96) four "geographical races" have been
distinguished, characterized chiefly by the color of the shell (1952, Mem. Inst. Belgique (2) 45:125); the geographical
distribution of these four races comprised the following areas: walkeri Sowerby 1832: Seychelles, Cargados, Maldives;
surabajensis Schilder 1937: Philippines, Cochinchina to Lombok and Eastern Indonesia (holotype in lower Pleistocene beds of
Modjokerto, Java); continens Iredale 1935: Torres Strait to Moreton Bay; bregeriana Crosse 1868: New Caledonia (and Louisiade
Archipelago?).
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