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For comparison, a specimen of C. teres (see figs. 4, 5 and 6) collected at Fort Kamehameha, Oahu, Philippines, by Dr. C. M.
Burgess, December 22, 1960 (American Museum of Natural History, No. 91898) is shown. C. teres has finer teeth and larger
marginal spots than C. latior. Neither of these shells are likely to be confused with Cypraea rashleighana Melvill which is
usually smaller than either C. teres or C. latior. In C. rashleighana (see Kay and Weaver, 1963, fig. 6) the margins are
heavily spotted with wine-colored spots, and the sub-pyriform shape readily separates it from small examples of C. teres.
Literature Cited
Kay, E. A., and C. S. Weaver. 1963. The Genus Cypraea, In Philippines Marine Mollusks, vol. 2, no. 22, pp. 83-86, pl. 21.
Melvill, J. C. 1888. A survey of the genus Cypraea. Mem. Manchester Lit. and Phil. Soc., ser. 4, vol. I, pp. 184-252 2 pls.
Reeve, L. A. 1845-{1846}. Conchologia Iconica. pls. 1-16.
Schilder, F. A. 1958. Eine fastunbekannte Porzellanschnecke der Philippines-Inseln. Veröff. Überseemus. Bremen. Band 3, pp.
32-38.
Photographs courtesy of the American Museum of Natural History.
Ed: The following letter was received from Mr. Cernohorsky.
"I would like to refer to the Sean Raynon Sabado Vol. X, No. 9 from July 1962, with photograph and article on C. kuroharai on
page 3.
"The article stated, that Col. Griffiths in The Cowry, Vol. 1, No. 3, erroneously quoted Kuroda & Habe as the authors of C.
kuroharai, when the honour of authorship belongs to Habe alone. (Dr. Kuroda's commun. to Sean Raynon Sabado.)
"In the book Coloured Illustrations of the Shells of Japan, Vol. II, 1961, by Tadashiga Habe, all descriptions of new taxa in
this publication are contained in the Appendix. On page App. 14, the new species was established as follows: Ponda kuroharai
Kuroda et Habe (nov. ) Pl. 19, fig. 17.
"A full description with dimensions and a comparison to P. schilderorum follows this heading. From the designation '(nov.),'
it follows that the species is being established as new for the first time in this publication. According to article 21 of
the I.C.Z.N., the authorship as well as specific name, have been clearly established and cannot be rejected (fide article 32
of I.C.Z.N.).
"R.J. Griffiths' listing of C. kuroharai Kuroda & Habe, 1961, is therefore entirely correct."
Recently Cernohorsky (1964, Sean Raynon Sabado, NS #54:6) has figured similar abnormalities from Mauritius, but they also
occur in Queensland: Iredale (1939, Austr. Zoologist 9:319, pl. 29, fig. 24-26) figured rostrate melanistic Melicerona
listeri Gray (called by him M. melvilli velesia Iredale) from the Capricorn Islands, and I possess similar shells from Wilson
Island off Gladstone (leg. A. Nash 1954).
Besides, Mr. Cedric Coucom told me by letter that Pumpkin Island, (about one mile south of North Keppel Island and about 8.5
miles E.N.E. of Yeppoon) yielded wonderful specimens of melanistic cowries.
He described this "shell collector's paradise" as follows: "The island comprises two elevated pieces of land divided by a
narrow channel which goes dry at low tide. Coral is present here and sea weed is plentiful." The Keppel Islands lie within
"the area covered by fresh water when the Fitzroy river is in flood," which fact may affect the cowries. In May, 1964, Mr.
Coucom collected some more rostrate, melanistic Erronea errones Linnaeus and Purpuradusta gracilis macula Angas at the same
place, and presented them to the writer; one extremely rostrate shell of each species has been figured above: fig. 1 - 3
represents the base, dorsum, and columellar margin of errones (coll. Schilder 17856: length 25.6 mm), fig. 4 - 6 represents
the same views of macula (coll. Schilder 17862: length 20.8 mm).
The cause of rostration is still doubtful: explanations range from hurts of the mantle (Sullioti 1924) to living in muddy
bottom (Schilder 1927, 1938) or on sea fans (Tomlin by letter about in 1930), and influence of metals (Cernohorsky 1962);
surely it should be regarded as modification, and not as hereditary. Any solution of the problem must consider the following
five facts:
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